NCERT Notes For Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

NCERT Notes For Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing, in this step-by-step answer guide. In some of State Boards and CBSE schools, students are taught thru NCERT books. As the chapter comes to an end, students are requested few questions in an exercising to evaluate their expertise of the chapter.

Students regularly want guidance managing those NCERT Notes. It’s most effective natural to get stuck withinside the exercises while solving them so that you can assist students score higher marks, we’ve provided step by step NCERT answers for all exercises of Class ten Civics so you can be looking for assist from them.

Students should solve those exercises carefully as questions withinside the final exams are requested from those, so these exercises immediately have an impact on students’ final score. Find all NCERT Notes for Class ten Civics below and prepare in your tests easily.

Story of Belgium

Belgium is a small country in Europe which has a population of a little over one crore.
The ethnic composition of this small country is very complex.
Out of the total population of the country, 59 percent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language.
Another 40 percent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French.
Remaining one percent of the Belgians speak German.
In Belgium’s capital, Brussels, 80 percent people speak French while 20 percent are Dutch speaking.
The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful.
They got the benefit of economic development and education
This made Dutch-speaking community angry as they the benefit of economic development and education much later.
During the 1950s and 1960s, tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities created due to these differences.

Accommodation in Belgium

In Belgium, the government handled the community difference very well. Between 1970 and 1993, Belgian leaders amended their constitution four times and came up with a new model to run the government.

Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model.

The Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government.
Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group.
Thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.
The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
Brussels has a separate government in which both communities have equal representation.
Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government.
This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live.
This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

The Belgium model was very complicated but it helped to avoid civic strife between the two major communities.

Story of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is an island nation, south of India having diverse population of about two crore people.
The major social groups are the Sinhala-speakers (74 percent) and the Tamil-speakers (18 percent).
Tamils are divided into two groups:
Sri Lankan Tamils (13 percent) – Tamil natives of the country
Indian Tamils (5 percent) – came from India during colonial period as plantation workers.
Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhists, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims.
There are about 7 percent Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhala.

Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948.
The Sinhala community was in the majority so they had formed the government.
The democratically elected government adopted a series of Majoritarian policy measures to establish Sinhala supremacy. These are:
Sinhala as the only official language.
The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.
These decisions gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.
Sri Lankan Tamils felt that constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests.
Due to this, the relationship between the Sinhala and Tamil communities become poor
Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs.
But their demand was repeatedly denied by the government.
Due to this,The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict and turned into a CIVIL WAR.
By 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
As a result, thousands of people of both the communities have been killed.
Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods.
The civil war ended in 2009 and caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic life of the country

What have you learned from the Stories of Belgium and Sri Lanka?

Both countries are democracies but they dealt differently with the concept of power sharing.
In Belgium, the leaders have realised that the unity of the country is possible only by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions.
This resulted in mutually acceptable arrangements for sharing power.
Sri Lanka shows that, if a majority community wants to force its dominance over others and refuses to share power, it can undermine the unity of the country.

Power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.
A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects.
People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

Forms of power-sharing

Most of you must think that Sharing power = dividing power = weakening the country.
A similar thing was believed in the past.
It was assumed that all the power of a government must reside in one person or group of persons located at one place.
Otherwise, it would be very difficult to make quick decisions and to enforce them.
But these notions have changed with the emergence of democracy.
In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self-government.
Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies.
Therefore, in a democratic country, political power should be distributed among citizens.

In modern democracies, power sharing arrangements can take many forms.

Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.

This is called horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
Such separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others.
This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.

2. Federal Government (Vertical distribution of power):

Power can be shared among governments at different levels – a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level which is called federal government.. Example: USA.

3. Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups.

Example: ‘Community government’ in Belgium.
This method is used to give minority communities a fair share in power.

4. Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power.

When two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections and if they get elected, they form a coalition government and thus share power.

Class 10 Political Science(Civics) Updated Chapters

Chapter 1 Power-sharing

Chapter 2 Federalism

Chapter 3 Gender, Religion and Caste

Chapter 4 Political Parties

Chapter 5 Outcomes of Democracy

Class 10 Update Notes of all subjects

Class 10 Notes

Class 10 Science Notes

Class 10 Social Science Notes

Class 10 English Summary

Class 10 Hindi Summary

Benefits of NCERT Notes

NCERT’s Class 10 Notes contains extremely important points, and for each chapter, each concept has been simplified to make it easier to remember and increase your chances of achieving excellent exam results. Exam Preparation References Here are some tips on how these Notes can help you prepare for the exam.

This helps students solve many of the problems in each chapter and encourages them to make their concepts more meaningful.
NCERT Notes for Class 10 encourage you to update your knowledge and refine your concepts so that you can get good results in the exam.
These Notes are the best exam materials, allowing you to learn more about your week and your strengths. To get good results in the exam, it is important to overcome your weaknesses.
Most of the questions in the exam are formulated in a similar way to NCERT textbooks. Therefore, students should review the solutions in each chapter in order to better understand the topic.
It is free of cost.

Tips & Strategies for Class 10 Exam Preparation

Plan your course and syllabus and make time for revision
Please refer to the NCERT solution available on the cbsestudyguru website to clarify your concepts every time you prepare for the exam.
Use the cbsestudyguru learning app to start learning to successfully pass the exam. Provide complete teaching materials, including resolved and unresolved tasks.
It is important to clear all your doubts before the exam with your teachers or Alex (an Al study Bot).
When you read or study a chapter, write down algorithm formulas, theorems, etc., and review them quickly before the exam.
Practice an ample number of question papers to make your concepts stronger.
Take rest and a proper meal. Don’t stress too much.

Why opt for cbsestudyguru NCERT Notes for Class 10 ?

cbsestudyguru provide NCERT Notes for all subjects at your fingertips.
These Notes are designed by subject matter experts and provide Notes to every NCERT textbook questions.
cbsestudyguru especially focuses on making learning interactive, effective and for all classes.
We provide free NCERT Notes for class 10 and all other classes.

Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing