Class 11 Geography Chapter 7 Introduction To Remote Sensing
NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Geography Chapter 7 Introduction To Remote Sensing, (Geography) exam are Students are taught thru NCERT books in some of state board and CBSE Schools. As the chapter involves an end, there is an exercise provided to assist students prepare for evaluation. Students need to clear up those exercises very well because the questions withinside the very last asked from those.
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NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Geography Chapter 7 Introduction To Remote Sensing
Class 11 Geography Chapter 7 Introduction To Remote Sensing
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below
Question 1(i).
Remote sensing of objects can be done 1 through various means such as A. remote sensors, B. human eyes and C. photographic system. Which of the following represents the true order of their evolution?
(a) ABC
(b) BCA
(c) CAB
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) BCA
Question 1(ii).
Which of the following regions of r Electromagnetic spectrum is not used in satellite remote sensing?
(a) Microwave region
(b) Infrared region
(c) X-rays
(d) visible region
answer:
(c) X-Rays
Question 1(iii).
Which of the following is not used in visual interpretation technique?
(а) Spatial arrangements of objects
(b) Frequency of tonal change on the image
(c) Location of objects with respect to other objects
(d) Digital image processing
Answer:
(a) Spatial Arrangement of Objects
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Question 2(i).
Why is remote sensing a better technique than other traditional methods?
Answer:
Remote sensing is a better technique than traditional methods because:
- It presents the concise picture of a large area.
- It provides real or nearly real pictures on time base line.
- It is less expensive as compared to land survey and we can easily collect information by using it.
- It converts energy received into photographic/digital form of data.
- It is not affected by bad weather and inaccessible land.
Question 2(ii).
Differentiate between IRS and INSAT series of satellites.
Answer:
|
IRS |
INSAT Series of Satellites |
|
It stands for Indian Remote Sensing. |
It stands for Indian National Satellite System. |
|
The sensors recording the energy that they receive are placed in a near- polar sun synchronous orbit at an altitude of 700 – 900 km. These satellites are known as remote sensing satellites. |
As against these satellites, the weather monitoring and telecommunication satellites are placed in a Geostationary position (the satellite is always positioned over its orbit that synchronises with the direction of the rotation of the earth) and revolves around the earth (coinciding with the direction of the movement of the earth over its axis) at an altitude of nearly 36,000 km (e.g. INSAT series of satellites). |
|
Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite system was commissioned with the launch of IRS-1A, in 1988. With ten satellites in operation, IRS is the largest civilian remote sensing satellite constellation in the world. Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite system was commissioned with the launch of IRS-1 A, in 1988. |
The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system which are placed in Geo-stationary orbits is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in Asia-Pacific region. Established in 1983 with commissioning of INSAT-1B, it initiated a major revolution in India’s communications sector and sustained the same later. INSAT space segment consists of 24 satellites out of Which 10 are in service (INSAT-2E, INSAT-3A, INSAT-4B, INSAT-3C, INSAT-3E, KALPANA-1, INSAT-4A, INSAT-4CR, GSAT-8 and GSAT-12). |
Question 2(iii).
Describe in brief the functioning of push- broom scanner.
Answer:
The pushbroom scanners consist of a number of detectors which are equivalent to the number obtained by dividing the swath of the sensor by the size of the spatial resolution. In pushbroom scanner, all detectors are linearly arrayed and each detector collects the energy reflected by the ground cell (pixel) dimensions of 20 metres at a nadir’s view.
For example, the swath of High-Resolution Visible Radiometer – 1 (HRVR -1) of the French remote sensing satellite SPOT is 60 km and the spatial resolution is 20 metres. If we divide 60 km x 1000 metres/20 metres, we get a number of 3000 detectors that are deployed in SPOT HRV – 1 sensor.
3. Answer the following questions in about 125 words.
Question 3(i).
Describe the operation of a whiskbroom scanner with the help of a diagram. Explain how it is different from push-broom scanner.
Answer:
Whiskbroom Scanners: The whiskbroom scanners are made up of a rotating mirror and a single detector. The mirror is so oriented that when it completes a rotation, the detector sweeps across the field of view between 90° and 120° to obtain images in a large number of narrow spectral bands ranging from visible to middle infrared regions of the spectrum. The total extent of the oscillating sensor is known as the Total Field of View (TFOV) of the scanner. While scanning the entire field, the sensor’s optical head is always placed at a particular dimension called the Instantaneous Field of View (IFOV). Figure given below depicts the scanning mechanism of whiskbroom scanners.
- In whiskbroom scanner, a single mirror is used to reflect light onto a single detector. The mirror moves back and forth to collect measurements from one pixel in the image at a time whereas in pushbroom scanner a line of detectors arranged in perpendicular to flight direction are used. The image is collected one line at a time with all of the pixels in a line measures simultaneously.
- A pushbroom scanner receives stronger signal than whiskbroom scanner because it looks at each pixel area for long.
- Pushbroom scanner is more sensitive than whiskbroom scanner. So it is needed to perfectly calibrate.
Question 3(ii).
Identify and list the changes that can be observed in the vegetation of Himalaya. 
Answer:
The Himalayan ranges show a succession of vegetation from the tropical to the tundra, with change in with the altitude. Deciduous forests are found in the foothills of the Himalayas. It is succeeded by the wet temperate type of forests between an altitude of 1,000-2,000 m. After 3000 metre altitude, conical forests are found which have sharp leaves. Important trees in this region are Chid, Fur, Pine, Sprus etc.
The red patches in May image refer to Coniferous vegetation. In November image the additional red patches refer to Deciduous plants and the light red colour is related to the crops.
Activity
Identify various features marked on IRS IC LISS III imagnery shown below. Draw clues from the description of the elements of image interpretation discusses and the colours in which various objects appear on a Standard False Colour Composite. Answer: Attempt it yourself.
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