NCERT Solutions FNCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story Of Village Palampur
| 1. Exercise Questions |
| 2. Intext Questions |
CBSE Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story Of Village Palampur in this step-by-step answer guide. In some of State Boards and CBSE schools, students are taught thru NCERT books. As the chapter comes to an end, students are requested few questions in an exercising to evaluate their expertise of the chapter. Students regularly want guidance managing those NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story Of Village Palampur.
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NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Economics
Chapter 1 – The Story of Village Palampur
Exercise Questions
Exercises
1. Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of the details are presented in the following format . Fill up the following based on information on Palampur .
( a ) Location ( b ) Total Area of the Village
( c ) Land Use ( in hectares )
( d ) Facilities
Ans . ( a ) Location Palampur is located 3 km from Raiganj which is a big village . The nearest town is Shahpur . It is well connected with neighbouring villages and towns . An all weather road connects the village to Raiganj and further to the nearest small town of Shahpur .
( b ) The total area of Palampur village is 246 hectares .
( c ) Land Use ( in hectares )
2. Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry . Do you agree ?
Ans . Yes , it is true that modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry . e.g.
( i ) Insecticides , pesticides and chemical fertilisers , required for increasing the yield per hectare , all manufactured in industries .
( ii ) Farmers use farm machinery like tractors , threshers and harvesters , which are also manufactured in industries .
( iii ) Tubewell equipment and water pumps used for irrigation are also manufactured in industries .
3. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur ?
Ans . The spread of electricity helped the farmers in the following ways
( i ) Irrigation is now done through electric – run tubewells , that reduces the farmers ‘ dependence on rainfall which also enables larger areas of land to be irrigated .
( ii ) Irrigation improvement allowed farmers to grow three different crops in a year . It helped to increase farm production in the village .
( iii ) It is also a cheap and pollution free source of irrigation .
4. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation . Why ?
Ans . Yes , it is very important to increase the area under irrigation because
• Irrigation facilities are available only to about 40 % of the cultivated land area in the country ; 60 % of the cultivated area is still dependent on rainfall for irrigation .
• Irrigation is basic input for growing crops .
• The modern HYV seeds need assured irrigation .
• The other modern inputs like chemical fertilisers and pesticides also become ineffective if irrigation is not available .
• Through irrigation crops can be grown in dry region .
• Arrival of monsoon is also uncertain , so we need irrigation facilities .
5. Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur .
Ans . Distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur is
• Families with no land ( mainly dalits ) – 150 families
• Families with less than two hectares- 240 families
• Families with two or more than two hectares – 60 families
6. Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages ?
Ans . The wages for farm labourers in Palampur is less than minimum wages because there is a heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur and people agree to work for lower wages . The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by the government is ₹ 300 per day , but wages of farm labourers in Palampur are less than minimum wages i.e. ₹ 160 .
7 What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land ? Use examples to explain .
Ans . The different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land are
( i ) Multiple cropping When more than one crop is grown on a piece of land during the year , it is known as multiple cropping . It is the most common way to increase production on a given piece of land . All farmers in Palampur grow at least two main crops and many are growing potato as the third crop for the past 15 to 20 years .
( ii ) Use of modern farming methods Modern farming methods also help to increase the yield per hectare . Farmers of Punjab , Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try modern farming methods in India . They have used farm machinery like tractors and threshers , which made ploughing and harvesting faster . They were rewarded with high yield of wheat , increasing from 1300 kg per hectare to 3200 kg per hectare with HYV seeds . The farmers have installed tubewells for irrigation and made use of HYV seeds , chemical fertilisers and pesticides in farming .
8. Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land .
Ans . A farmer having 1 hectare of land for farming can be described as a subsistence farmer because 1 hectare of land is too small even for the sustenance of a small family . Since land area is too small , the farmer will have to work hard to produce more . But due to lack of capital he will not be able to buy HYV seeds or chemical fertiliser . He will use ordinary seeds bullocks to plough , manual irrigation and will need help of his family members to produce more from that land .
9. How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming ? How is it different from the small farmers ?
Ans . The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming due to a good surplus crop from their large landholdings . They sell this surplus crop in the market and earn profits .
Then they deposit this amount in bank account for next season crop and lend some money to small farmers at a very high interest rates . So they are able to arrange for the capital needed .
In contrast , small farmers have to borrow money to arrange the capital . They borrow from large farmers , village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation . They do not have surplus crop as their land is too small . Whatever is produced , gets consumed by their family so they do not earn profits neither save money .
10. On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh ? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest ?
Ans . Savita , a small farmer , in order to cultivate wheat on her one hectare of land , decides to borrow money from Tejpal Singh , a large farmer .
The terms on which Savita gets loan from Tejpal Singh are
( i ) Savita has to agree to give an interest rate of 24 % for 4 months , which is a very high interest rate .
( ii ) Savita also has to promise to work on his field as farm labourer during the harvest season at ₹ 100 per day .
( iii ) The rate of interest charged by Tejpal Singh was much higher than that of banks .
If Savita had taken a loan from the bank , interest would have been much lower , she could have easily repaid the loan and her condition would have been far better .
11. Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years .
Ans . On talking to two old residents Ramlal and Dharam Singh , I came to know about the following methods
The Irrigation Method They used traditional irrigation methods in our area . They told me that earlier they were dependent on rainfall and later on , they started to use the Persian wheel to draw water from the wells . With development of technology , tubewells were used for better and more effective irrigation .
Farming Production Method In the farming methods , traditionally they ploughed the field with ploughs drawn by bullocks , which was a very difficult and time consuming process . They used ordinary seeds and cow dung as manure .
However , with changes in technology , the farmers started using HYV seeds , chemical fertilisers , insecticides , pesticides and modern machinery like tractors and threshers , which has led to an increase in yield per hectare and improved the lives of the farmers . Thus , there is a vast change in the irrigation and production methods during the last 30 years .
12. What can be done so that more non – farm production activities can be started in villages ?
Ans . To start more non – farm production activities , the following steps can be taken
( i ) Banks should provide loans at low interest rate , so that the poor villagers can start some business , which could help them earn a living .
( ii ) Government should be more active and initiate effective employment generating schemes .
( iii ) Government should provide training to the villagers in different skills .
( iv ) Government should provide facilities for transportation and selling of locally manufactured goods of the villagers in the cities .
( v ) Small scale industries should be started by entrepreneurs in rural areas to employ the villagers trained in various skills .
Intext Questions
Let’s Discuss on page 3
1. The following table shows the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares . Plot this on a graph paper .
( i ) What does the graph show ? Discuss in class .
( ii ) Is it important to increase the area under irrigation ? Why ?
Ans .
( i ) The above graph shows the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares . It shows that the land under cultivation in India was 129 million hectares in 1950-51 , which rose to 157 million hectares in 1990-91 . But it decreased from 157 to 156 in 2000-01 and remained constant at 156 million hectares till 2013-14 . Again it decreased in 2014-15 from 156 to 155 million hectares .
( ii ) It is important to increase the land area under irrigation so that the farmers can increase their production and earning . Besides , India’s population is increasing , which requires more food to feed its people .
On page 4
2. You have read about the crops grown in Palampur . Fill the following table based on the information of the crops grown in your region .
Ans . Information about crops grown in our region is given below
Let’s Discuss on page 5
3. What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method ?
Ans . Multiple cropping To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping . It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land . It does not need modern farming methods .
Modern farming method It means the use of HYV seeds , tubewells for irrigation , chemical fertilisers and pesticides , as well as machinery like tractors and threshers to increase the production .
4. What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods ?
Ans . The working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods includes raw materials like HYV seeds , chemical fertilisers , pesticides etc and money to buy other items needed in farms .
5 Modern farming methods require the farmers to start with more cash than before . Why ?
Ans . Modern farming methods require the use of HYV seeds , which are costlier than traditional seeds , and need chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce more production . However , for buying all these inputs , a lot of money is essential , so a farmer needs to have more cash to start farming than before .
6. Identify the work being done on the field in the pictures ( i ) to ( vi ) and arrange them in a proper sequence .
Ans . The work being done on the field in each picture is given below
( i ) Cutting of crops
( ii ) Ploughing by bullocks
( iii ) Spraying of insecticides
( iv ) Sowing
( v ) Cultivation by traditional methods
( vi ) Cultivation by modern methods .
The proper sequence from sowing to harvesting is given below
Let’s Discuss on page 9
7. Why are farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali poor ?
Ans . The farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali were poor because
( i ) They are landless farm labourers who work on daily wages in Palampur .
( ii ) The minimum wage for farm labourer set by the government is ₹ 300 per day , but they get only ₹ 160 per day .
( iii ) There is a heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur , so they agree to work for lower wages .
( iv ) They remain out of work for most days of the year and have to take loan from the moneylenders to fulfil their basic needs . Due to this seasonal unemployment , they are unable to repay the loan and fall into a debt trap .
8. Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in North Bihar . Out of a total of 850 households in the two villages , there are more than 250 men who are employed in rural Punjab and Haryana or in Delhi , Mumbai , Surat , Hyderabad or Nagpur . Such migration is common in most villages across India .
Why do people migrate ? Can you describe ( based on your imagination ) the work that the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place of destination ?
Ans . Mostly people migrate in search of employment or better job opportunities to the cities like Mumbai , Delhi etc , or to prosperous agricultural regions like Punjab and Haryana to work as a farm labourers .
This migration usually takes place when a person is unemployed or in seasonal unemployment , which may be due to lack of land , displacement , negative impact of natural disasters like drought , floods etc.
The migrants from Gosaipur and Majauli who went to cities will probably find work as casual labourers , industrial workers , street hawkers , rickshaw pullers , headload workers or as domestic aid in homes , hotels etc.
Those who went to rural areas of Punjab and Haryana will probably work as farm labourers , as agriculture is the main occupation of the rural people in these states .
Let’s Discuss on page 12
9. ( a ) What capital did Mishrilal need to set up his jaggery manufacturing unit ?
( b ) Who provides the labour in this case ?
( c ) Can you guess why Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit ?
( d ) Could you think of any reasons when he might face a loss ?
( e ) Why does Mishrilal sell his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village ?
Ans . ( a ) To set up his manufacturing unit , Mishrilal needed the following capital
( i ) Fixed capital in the form of a sugarcane crushing machine .
( ii ) Working capital in the form of money for buying sugarcane from other farmers for crushing and for paying the electricity bill of running the crushing machine .
( b ) The labour is provided by him and his family . Otherwise , he will employ landless labourers .
( c ) Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit because
( i ) Most of the land holdings in the village are very small in size and production of sugarcane is low as more area is under wheat . So , raw material is also in less amount .
( ii ) He has to pay for electricity to run the machine .
( iii ) As his industry is small scale , production is less .
( d ) Conditions under which he might face a loss can be any of the following
( i ) If his crushing machine breaks down , his production will reduce or totally stop .
( ii ) If drought or other calamity occurs , the production of sugarcane in nearby areas will reduce ; his jaggery production will come down , leading to a loss .
( iii ) If the demand for jaggery decreases , he will not be able to sell enough jaggery in the market .
( iv ) If any other costs like electricity , labour or transportation increases , then he may face losses .
( e ) Mirbrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village because
( i ) Palampur is a small village with 450 families and there is not a large demand for jaggery .
( ii ) Shahpur is a town where people come from different surrounding villages to buy things and hence there is more demand for jaggery .
10. In what way is Kareem’s capital and labour different from Mishrilal’s ?
Ans . Both Kareem and Mishrilal have fixed capital in the form of machines , but Kareem has a larger fixed capital . Kareem has such kind of capital that can be used to educate and provide employment skills to many persons with minimum labour involvement .
While Mishrilal’s capital is used by only one person at a time and requires more physical labour . Kareem has also employed educated and qualified computer teachers , whereas Mishrilal’s labour is mainly unskilled labour .
11. Why didn’t someone start a computer centre earlier ? Discuss the possible reasons .
Ans . Reasons why someone didn’t start a computer centre earlier may be any of the following
( i ) As very few educated people were there in the village , there was not any demand for computer courses .
( ii ) The villagers were not aware of the employment potential of computer courses and hence , nobody thought that such a business could be successful .
( iii ) Teaching faculty for computer courses was not available in the village earlier .
Let’s Discuss on page 13
12. ( a ) What is Kishora’s fixed capital ?
( b ) What do you think would be his working capital ?
( c ) In how many production activities is Kishora involved ?
( d ) Would you say that Kishora has benefitted from better roads in Palampur ?
Ans . ( a ) Kishora’s fixed capital is the buffalo and wooden cart which he has purchased with the bank loan .
( b ) The money that he earns from selling the milk and transporting goods on his bullock cart excluding his living expenses will be his working capital .
( c ) Kishora is involved in the following production activities
( i ) Selling of buffalo’s milk .
( ii ) Transportation of various items .
( iii ) Bringing clay from the river Ganga for the potter .
( iv ) Transporting jaggery etc to Shahpur .
( d ) Kishora has certainly benefitted from better roads . in Palampur because of his involvement in transport business . Better roads enable him to easily transport goods from one place to another , run his business successfully and earn profits . This would have been more difficult in the absence of proper roads .
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