NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity

Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity

1. Exercise Questions

2. Intext Questions

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity, in this step-by-step answer guide. In some of State Boards and CBSE schools, students are taught thru NCERT books. As the chapter comes to an end, students are requested few questions in an exercising to evaluate their expertise of the chapter.

Students regularly want guidance managing those NCERT Solutions. It’s most effective natural to get stuck withinside the exercises while solving them so that you can assist students score higher marks, we’ve provided step by step NCERT answers for all exercises of Class ten Science Electricity so you can be looking for assist from them.

Students should solve those exercises carefully as questions withinside the final exams are requested from those, so these exercises immediately have an impact on students’ final score. Find all NCERT Solutions for Class ten Science Electricity below and prepare in your tests easily.

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity

Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity

EXERCISE QUESTIONS

 

Q. 1. A piece of wire of resistance R is cut into five equal parts . These parts are then connected in parallel . If the equivalent resistance of this combination is R ‘ , then the ratio R / R ‘ is :

( a ) 1/25

( b ) 1/5

( c ) 5

( d ) 25

Ans . Correct option : ( d )

Explanation : All the five parts are connected in parallel . Hence , equivalent resistance ( R ‘ ) is given as

Q. 2. Which of the following terms does not represent electrical power in a circuit ?

( a ) I²R

( b ) IR²

( c ) VI

( d ) V² / R

Ans . Correct option : ( b )

Explanation : P = VI …. ( i )

So , the option ( c ) is correct .

According to Ohm’s law , V = IR …. ( ii )

Now putting the value of V from ( ii ) in ( i ) , we get

Power P = ( IR ) x I = I²R

So , the option ( a ) is correct .

Now putting the value of I from ( ii ) in ( i ) , we get

Power P = V ( V / R ) = V² / R

so , option ( d ) is correct

Q. 3. An electric bulb is rated 220 V and 100 W. When it is operated on 110 V , the power consumed will be –

( a ) 100 W

( b ) 75 W

( c ) 50 W

( d ) 25 W

Ans . Correct option : ( d )

Explanation : As we know that the energy consumed by bulb

The resistance of the bulb remains constant if the supply voltage is reduced to 110 V. If the bulb is operated on 110 V , then the energy consumed by it is given by the expression for power

Q.4 . Two conducting wires of the same material and of equal lengths and equal diameters are first connected in series and then parallel in a circuit across the same potential difference . The ratio of heat produced in series and parallel combinations would be :

( a ) 1 : 2

( b ) 2 : 1

( c ) 1 : 4

( d ) 4 : 1

Ans . Correct option : ( c )

Explanation : Heat produced in the circuit is inversely proportional to the resistance R. Let R_s and R_p be the equivalent resistances of the wires if connected in series and parallel , respectively . Let R be the resistance of each wire .

If the resistors are connected in parallel , the net resistance is given by

If the resistors are connected in series , the net resistance is given by

R_s = R + R = 2R

Hence for same potential difference V , the ratio of heat produced in the circuit is given by

Therefore , the ratio of heat produced in series and parallel combinations is 1 : 4

Q. 5. How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit to measure the potential difference between two points ?

Ans . A voltmeter must always be connected in parallel to measure the potential difference between two points .

Q. 6. A copper wire has diameter 0.5 mm and resistivity 1.6 x 10^-8 Ω m . What will be the length of this wire to make its resistance 10 Ω ? How much does the resistance change if the diameter is doubled ?

Ans . Resistance ( R ) of a copper wire length 1 and cross section A is given by the expression .

Hence , the new resistance will be become 1 / 4 times of the original resistance .

Q. 7. The values of current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential difference V across the resistor are given below :

Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the resistance of that resistor .

Ans . The plot between voltage and current is called VI characteristics . The voltage is plotted on x – axis and current is plotted on y – axis .

Q. 8. When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resistor , there is a current of 2.5 mA in the circuit . Find the value of the resistance of the resistor .

Ans . According to Ohm’s law , V = IR

Q. 9. A battery of 9 V is connected in series with resistors of 0.2 Ω , 0.3 Ω , 0.4 Ω , 0.5 Ω , and 12 Ω , respectively . How much current would flow through the 12 Ω resistor ?

Ans . Total resistance of resistors when connected in series is given by :

There is no current division occurring in a series circuit . So , the current through the 12 ohm resistor will be same as 0.67 A.

Q. 10. How many 176 Ω resistors ( in parallel ) are required to carry 5 A on a 220 V line ?

Ans . Let the total number of resistors be x .

Given that , Current I = 5A and the potential difference V = 220 V

According to Ohm’s law , V = IR

Therefore , 4 resistors of 176 Ω are required to draw the given amount of current .

Q. 11. Show how you would connect three resistors , each of resistance 6 Ω , so that the combination has a resistance of

( i ) 9 Ω ,

( ii ) 4 Ω

Ans . ( i ) To get total 9 Ω resistance from three 6 resistors , we should connect two resistors in parallel and the third resistor in series with the resultant . The combination is given as follows :

Now R₁₂ and 6 Ω are connected in series , so the net resistance is given by

R = R₁₂ + 6 Ω = 3 Ω + 6 Ω = 9 Ω

( ii ) To get total 4 Ω resistance from three 6 Ω resistors , we should connect two resistors in series and the third resistor in parallel with the resultant . The combination is given as follows :

Q. 12.Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220 V electric supply line , are rated 10 W. How many lamps can be connected in parallel with each other across the two wires of 220 V line if the maximum allowable current is 5 A ?

Ans . For one bulb :

Power P = 10 W and Potential difference V = 220 V

Using the relation for R , we have

Therefore , 110 bulbs of 4840 Ω the given amount of current .

Q. 13. A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220 V line has two resistance coils A and B , each of 24 Ω resistance , which may be used separately , in series , or in parallel . What are the currents in the three cases ?

Ans . Given that :

Potential difference V = 220 V and resistance of each coil R = 24 Ω

When the coil is used separately , the current in the coil is given by

⇒ R = 12 Ω

Now , the current in the coil is given by

Q. 14. Compare the power used in the 2 Ω resistor in each of the following circuits : ( i ) a 6 V battery in series with 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors , and ( ii ) a 4 V battery in parallel with 12 Ω and 2 Ω resistors .

Ans . Given that :

Potential difference , V = 6 V

( i ) 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors are connected in series . Therefore , equivalent resistance of the circuit ,

R = 1 + 2 = 3 Ω

According to Ohm’s law ,

V = IR

Here , in both cases power will be same as 8 W.

Q. 15. Two lamps , one rated 100 W at 220 V , and the other 60 W at 220 V , are connected in parallel to electric mains supply . What current is drawn from the line if the supply voltage is 220 V ?

Ans . For the Lamp one :

Power P₁ = 100 W and Potential Difference V = 220 V

Therefore ,

So , the net current drawn from the power supply is given by I = I₁ + 1₂ = 0.455 +0.273 = 0.728 A

Q. 16. Which uses more energy , a 250 W TV set in 1 hr , or a 1200 W toaster in 10 minutes ?

Ans . For T.V set

Power ( P ) = 250 W ,

Time ( t ) = 1 hr = 60 x 60 = 3600 s

For Toaster

Power ( P ) = 1200 W ,

Time ( t ) = 10 min = 10 x 60 = 600 s

We know that Energy ( E ) = P x t

∴ Energy consumed by a TV set = 250 × 3600

= 9 × 10⁵ J

∴ Energy consumed by a toaster = 1200 x 600

= 7.2 x 10⁵ J

∴ the energy consumed by a 250 W TV set in 1h is more than the energy consumed by a toaster of power 1200 W in 10 minutes .

Q. 17. An electric heater of resistance 8 Ω draws 15 A from the service mains for 2 hours . Calculate the rate at which heat is developed in the heater .

Ans . Heat developed in the heater is given by

H = I²Rt

Where , I = 15 A , R = 8 Ω and time t = 2 hours

The rate at which heat is developed is given by :

Q. 18. Explain the following :

( a ) Why is the tungsten used almost exclusively for filament of electric lamps ?

( b ) Why are the conductors of electric heating devices , such as bread – toasters and electric irons , made of an alloy rather than a pure metal ?

( c ) Why is the series arrangement not used for domestic circuits ?

( d ) How does the resistance of a wire vary with its area of cross – section ?

( e ) Why are copper and aluminium wires usually employed for electricity transmission ?

Ans . ( a ) The melting point and resistivity of tungsten are very high . It does not burn readily at a high temperature . The electric lamps glow at very high temperatures . Hence , tungsten is mainly used as heating element of electric bulbs .

( b ) The conductors of electric heating devices such as bread toasters and electric irons are made of alloy because resistivity of an alloy is more than that of metals . It produces large amount of heat and does not burn easily .

( c ) There is voltage division in series circuits . Each component of a series circuit receives a small voltage for a large supply voltage . As a result , the amount of current decreases and the device becomes hot . Hence , series arrangement is not used in domestic circuits .

( d ) Resistance ( R ) of a wire is inversely proportional to its area of cross – section ( A ) :

( e ) Copper and aluminium wires have low resistivity . They are good conductors of electricity . Hence , they are usually employed for electricity transmission .

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Page 200

Q. 1. What does an electric circuit mean ? [ NCERT Q. 1 , Page 200 ]

Ans . An electric circuit is the pathway in which current can flow . It consists of electric devices , switching devices , source of electricity , etc. that are connected by conducting wires .

Q. 2. Define the unit of current . [ NCERT Q. 2 , Page 200 ]

Ans . The unit of electric current is ampere ( A ) . When 1 C of charge flows through a conductor in 1 s , it is called 1 ampere ( A ) current .

Q. 3. Calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge . [ NCERT Q.3 , Page 200 ]

Ans . As we know that ,

one electron possesses a charge = 1.6 × 10 ^–¹⁹ C

Number of electron = Total charge / Charge on 1 electron =

So , the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge is 6.25 × 10¹⁸

Page 202

Q. 4. Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor . [ NCERT Q. 1 , Page 202 ]

Ans . A cell , battery , power supply , etc. helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor .

Q. 5. What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two points is 1 V ? [ NCERT Q. 2 , Page 202 ]

Ans . When 1 J of work is required to move a charge of 1 C from one point to another , then it is said that the potential difference between the two points is 1 V.

Q. 6. How much energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a 6 V battery ? [ NCERT Q. 3 , Page 202 ]

Work done ( or Energy ) = Potential difference x Charge

So , Work done = 6 Volt x 1 Coulomb = 6 Joule .

Page 209

Q. 7. On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend ? [ NCERT Q. 1 , Page 209 ]

Ans . The resistance of a conductor depends upon the following factors :

( i ) Length of the conductor .

( ii ) Cross – sectional area of the conductor .

( iii ) Material of the conductor .

( iv ) Temperature of the conductor .

Q. 8. Will current flow more easily through a thick wire or a thin wire of the same material , when connected to the same source ? Why ? [ NCERT Q. 2 , Page 209 ]

Ans . Resistance ( R ) is inversely proportional to the area of cross – section ( A ) of the wire . So , thicker the wire , lower is the resistance of the wire and vice – versa . Therefore , current can flow more easily through a thick wire than a thin wire .

ρ = Resistivity of material of wire

L = length of the wire

Q.9 . Let the resistance of an electrical component remains constant while the potential difference across the two ends of the component decreases to half of its former value . What change will occur in the current through it ? [ NCERT Q. 3 , Page 209 ]

Ans . According to the Ohm’s law V = IR , If the resistance remains constant , V is directly proportional to I.

V ∝ I

Now , if potential difference is reduced to half of its value , the current also becomes half of its original value .

Q. 10. Why are coils of electric toasters and electric irons made of an alloy rather than a pure metal ? [ NCERT Q. 4 , Page 209 ]

Ans . The resistivity of an alloy is higher than the pure metal and it does not corrode easily . Moreover , even at high temperatures , the alloys do not melt readily .

Hence , the coils of heating appliances such as electric toasters and electric irons are made of an alloy rather than a pure metal .

Q. 11. Use the data in Table to answer the following :

( a ) Which among iron and mercury is a better conductor ?

( b ) Which material is the best conductor ? [ NCERT Q. 5 , Page 209 ]

Ans . ( a ) Resistivity of iron ( 10.0 x 10^-8 Ω m ) is lesser than that of the mercury ( 94.0 x 10^-8 Ω m ) . So , iron is good conductor as compared to mercury .

( b ) Silver has lowest resistivity , so it is the best conductor .

Page 213

Q. 12. Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of a battery of three cells of 2 V each , a 5 Ω resistor , an 8 Ω resistor , and a 12 Ω resistor , and a plug key , all connected in series . [ NCERT Q. 1 , Page 213 ]

Ans . The required schematic diagram is given below :

Q. 13. Redraw the circuit of question 49 , putting in an ammeter to measure the current through the resistors and a voltmeter to measure the potential difference across the 12 Ω resistor . What would be the readings in the ammeter and the voltmeter ? [ NCERT Q. 2 , Page 213 ]

Ans . Resistors are connected in series .

So , the net resistance in the circuit = 5 Ω + 8 Ω + 12 Ω = 25 Ω

Net potential = 6V

Using Ohm’s law V = IR , we have

Now for the 12 Ω resistor , current = 0.24 A

So , using Ohm’s law V = 0.24 x 12 V = 2.88 V

Hence , the reading in the ammeter is 0.24 amp and voltmeter is 2.88 volt .

Page 216

Q. 14. Judge the equivalent resistance when the following are connected in parallel :

( a ) 1 Ω and 10⁶ Ω .

( b ) 1 Ω and 10³ Ω , and 10⁶ Ω . [ NCERT Q. 1 , Page 216 ]

Ans . ( a ) The net resistance in parallel is given by

( b ) The net resistance in parallel is given by

Q. 15. An electric lamp of 100 Ω , a toaster of resistance 50 Ω , and a water filter of resistance 500 Ω connected in parallel to a 220 V source . What is the resistance of an electric iron connected to the same source that takes as much current as all three appliances , and what is the current through it ? [ NCERT Q. 2 , Page 216 ]

Ans . Given that the electric lamp of 100 Ω , a toaster of resistance 50 Ω and water filter of resistance 500 Ω are connected in parallel .

The net resistance in parallel is given by

The resistance of the electric iron would be 220 / 7.04 = 31.25 ohm which is connected to the same source drawing 7.04 A current .

Q. 16. What are the advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel with the battery instead of connecting them in series ? Q [ NCERT Q. 3 , Page 216 ]

Ans . In parallel there is no division of voltage among the appliances . The potential difference across each appliance is equal to the supplied voltage and the total effective resistance of the circuit can be reduced by connecting electrical appliances in parallel .

Q.17 . How can three resistors of resistances 2 Ω , 3 Ω , and 6 Ω be connected to give a total resistance of

( a ) 4 Ω ,

( b ) 1 Ω ? [ NCERT Q. 4 , Page 216 ]

Ans . ( a ) To get total resistance 4 Ω , connect 3 Ω and 6 Ω resistors in parallel and 2 Ω resistance in series with the resultant .

Since , 3 Ω and 6 Ω resistors are in parallel , so the net resistance will be

Now , the resultant R₁₂ and 2 Ω resistors are in series.

So , the net resistance

R = R₁₂ + 2 Ω + 2 + 2 = 4 Ω

( b ) To get total resistance 1 Ω , connect 2 Ω , 3 Ω and 6 Ω resistors in parallel .

The net resistance in parallel is given by

Q. 18. What is ( a ) the highest , ( b ) the lowest total resistance that can be secured by combinations of four coils of resistance 4 Ω, 8 Ω, 12 Ω, 24 Ω ? [ NCERT Q. 5 , Page 216 ]

Ans . Connecting resistors in series always gives maximum resistance and parallel gives minimum resistance .

( a ) The highest total resistance is given by

R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + R₄

= 4 Ω + 8 Ω + 12 Ω + 24 Ω = 48 Ω

( b ) The lowest total resistance is given by

Page 218

Q.19 . Why does the cord of an electric heater not glow while the heating element does ? Q [ NCERT Q. 1 , Page 218 ]

Ans . The heating element of an electric heater is a resistor . According to Joule’s law of heating , the amount of heat produced by it is proportional to its resistance .

H = I²Rt

The resistance of the element of an electric heater is very high . As current flows through the heating element , it becomes too hot and glows red .

On the other hand , the resistance of the cord is low . It does not become red when current flows through it .

Q. 20. Compute the heat generated while transferring 96,000 coulombs of charge in one hour through a potential difference of 50 V. [ NCERT Q. 2 , Page 218 ]

Ans . According to Joule’s law of heating , the amount of heat produced is given by

Q. 21. An electric iron of resistance 20 Ω takes a current of 5 A. Calculate the heat developed in 30 s . [ NCERT Q. 3 , Page 218 ]

Ans . According to Joule’s law of heating , the amount of heat produced is given by

H = VIt

Where ,

V = IR = 5A x 20 Ω = 100 V

I = 5A

t = 30 Seconds

So , H = 100 x 5 x 30 J

= 15000 J = 1.5 × 10⁴J

Page 220

Q. 22. What determines the rate at which energy is delivered by a current ? [ NCERT Q. 1 , Page 220 ]

Ans . The rate of consumption of electric energy in an electric appliance is called electric power . Hence , the rate at which energy is delivered by a current is the power of the appliance .

Q. 23. An electric motor takes 5 A from a 220 V line . Determine the power of the motor and the energy consumed in 2 h . [ NCERT Q. 2 , Page 220 ]

Ans . Power of the electric motor is given by :

P = VI

Where , V = 220 V and I = 5 A

So , Power P = 220 x 5 = 1100 W N

ow , the energy consumed = Power x time

Where , P = 1100 W

t = 2 hours = 2 x 60 x 60 seconds 7200 seconds

So , the energy consumed E = 1100 × 7200 J

= 79,20,000 J

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